SmartEPD-2026-141-0934-01Date of IssueJun 23, 2026Expiration DateJun 23, 2031Last UpdatedAug 25, 2026Refer to the EPD Library at www.smartepd.com for the latest EPD listing informationSouthwest Type 5MD-HREnvironmental ProductDeclarationProgram Operator: Smart EPD®www.smartepd.comIN ACCORDANCE WITH ISO 14025:2006 AND ISO 21930:2017
General InformationCarboline2150 Schuetz Road - St. Louis, MO 631461-314-644-1000info@carboline.comcarboline.comProduct Name:Southwest Type 5MD-HRDeclared Unit:1 metric ton of SFRMDeclaration Number:SmartEPD-2026-141-0934-01Date of Issue:June 23, 2026Expiration:June 23, 2031Last updated:August 25, 2026EPD Scope:Cradle to gate with other optionsA1 - A3, A4, A5Market(s) of Applicability:North AmericaGeneral Organization InformationCarboline is a global leader in high-performance protective coatings, linings, and fireproofing, specializing in the preservation of critical infrastructure throughadvanced corrosion and fire protection technologies. Founded in 1947 and now a subsidiary of RPM International Inc., the company operates an extensive global network with over 20 manufacturing facilities serving industries such as oil and gas, power generation, and commercial construction. They are widely recognized for iconic product lines like Carbozinc, Carboguard, and Southwest fireproofing, as well as their rigorous UL-certified testing and commitment to low-VOC, sustainable solutions. By combining deep technical expertise with a focus on research and development, Carboline provides engineered systems that extend the service life of assets in some of the world's most aggressive environments.Further information can be found at:https://www.carboline.com/Limitations, Liability and OwnershipEnvironmental declarations from different programs (ISO 14025) may not be comparable. Comparison of the environmental performance of products usingEPD information shall be based on the product’s use and impacts at the building level, and therefore EPDs may not be used for comparability purposes whennot considering the whole building life cycle. EPD comparability is only possible when all stages of a life cycle have been considered. However, variations anddeviations are possible. Example of variations: Different LCA software and background LCI datasets may lead to differences results for upstream ordownstream of the life cycle stages declared. The EPD owner has sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD. A manufacturer shall not makeclaims based on an industry-average EPD which leads the market to believe the industry-average is representative of manufacturer-specific or product-specific results.Reference StandardsStandard(s):ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 2 / 12
Core PCR:Smart EPD® Part A Product Category Rules for Building and Construction Products andServices, 1000, v1.2Date of issue: March 14, 2025Sub-category PCR:Smart EPD® Part B PCR for Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Materials, 1000-003, v4.0Date of issue: January 16, 2025Valid until: January 16, 2030Sub-category PCR review panel:Contact Smart EPD for more information.General Program Instructions:Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025Verification InformationLCA Author/Creator:Harshil Desaiharshil@parqhq.comEPD Program Operator:Smart EPDinfo@smartepd.comwww.smartepd.com585 Grove St., Ste. 145, Herndon, VA 20170, USAVerification:Independent critical review of the LCA and data, according to ISO 14044 andISO 14071:ExternalAmy LandisMichigan Technological Universitylandis@mtu.eduIndependent external verification of EPD, according to ISO 14025 andreference PCR(s):ExternalAmy LandisMichigan Technological Universitylandis@mtu.eduProduct InformationDeclared Unit:1 metric ton of SFRMMass:1 kgProduct Specificity:Product AverageProduct SpecificRepresentative Product EPDProduct DescriptionSouthwest Type 5MD-HR is a medium-density, gypsum-based Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material (SFRM) specifically engineered to provide up to 4 hoursof fire protection for interior structural steel and concrete. Its standout feature is a high bond strength exceeding 1,000 psf, which fulfills InternationalBuilding Code (IBC) requirements for high-rise structures over 420 feet tall. The cementitious, asbestos-free formulation is optimized for applicationefficiency, allowing for a significant thickness of 1/2" to 5/8" in a single pass, and can be optionally injected with an accelerator to speed up setting andincrease material yield. While primers are generally not recommended, it is compatible with specific bonding agents for specialized deck designs; however, itis strictly an indoor solution limited to operating temperatures below 200°F (93°C) and should not be relied upon for corrosion protection.Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 3 / 12
Further information can be found at:https://www.carboline.com/products/product-details/Southwest-Type-5MD-HR/Product SpecificationsProduct SKU(s):Southwest Type 5MD-HRProduct Classification Codes:EC3 - ThermalMoistureProtectionDensity Class:MediumSubcategory:SW Type 5 MDMaterial CompositionMaterial/Component CategoryOrigin% MassAdditive< 10Filler23 - 35Resin56 - 84Packaging MaterialOriginkg MassPlastic hdpe2.00e-02Biogenic Carbon Contentkg C per metric tonBiogenic carbon content in product0Biogenic carbon content in accompanyingpackaging0Hazardous MaterialsCALCIUM SULFATE HEMIHYDRATE (10034-76-1)MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICA (14808-60-7)LIMESTONE (1317-65-3)Hazardous substances are disclosed in accordance with the PCR requirements and supplier SDS information prepared under OSHA Hazard CommunicationStandard 29 CFR 1910.1200.EPD Data SpecificityPrimary Data Year:Jan 1, 2025 - Dec 31, 2025Manufacturing Specificity:Industry AverageManufacturer AverageFacility SpecificSouthwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 4 / 12
Averaging:Averaging was not conducted for this EPD.System BoundaryProductionA1Raw material supplyA2TransportA3ManufacturingConstructionA4Transport to siteA5Assembly / InstallUseB1UseNDB2MaintenanceNDB3RepairNDB4ReplacementNDB5RefurbishmentNDB6Operational Energy UseNDB7Operational Water UseNDEnd of LifeC1DeconstructionNDC2TransportNDC3Waste ProcessingNDC4DisposalNDBenefits & Loads BeyondSystem BoundaryDRecycling, Reuse Recovery PotentialNDNote:ND = Module not declaredPlantsCarboline - Luoisa321 Duke St, Louisa, VA 23093, USASouthwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 5 / 12
Product Flow DiagramSoftware And DatabaseLCA Software:SimaPro v. 10.2LCI Foreground Database(s):Ecoinvent v. 3.11Cut-off by ClassificationLCI Background Database(s):Ecoinvent v. 3.11Cut-off by ClassificationA foreground LCI database is the database used to model the primary, site-specific data collected for this EPD. A background LCI database is the databaseused to model generic or non-specific data.Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 6 / 12
Data QualityThe quality of inventory data is evaluated based on several criteria, including precision, completeness, consistency, and representativeness. The analysisfollows the data quality level and criteria of the UN Environment Global Guidance on LCA database development. Based on these factors, the overall dataquality is rated as "Good".Precision and completeness:Precision (Very Good): The inventory data used in this study were either directly measured, calculated, or estimated based on primary data sources,ensuring high precision.Background data from ecoinvent v3 database also has documented precision to the extent available.Completeness (Very Good): The product system's mass balance and inventory completeness were thoroughly checked. Some exclusions were made inline with the PCR requirements, such as personnel impacts, R&D activities, business travel, secondary packaging, point of sale infrastructure, and thecoating applicator. However, no data was intentionally omitted.Consistency and reproducibility:Consistency (Good): Primary data were collected with a similar level of detail, while background data primarily came from the ecoinvent database, withother databases used only if necessary or more representative. The modeling approach and other methodological choices were applied consistentlythroughout the model.Reproducibility (Very Good): This study ensures reproducibility by providing comprehensive disclosure of input-output data, dataset choices, andmodeling approaches. A knowledgeable third party should be able to approximate the results using the same data and modeling methods.Representativeness (Good):Temporal: Primary data were collected for the totality of the reference study period to ensure the representativeness. Secondary data from theecoinvent v3.11 database is typically representative of recent years, a detailed data quality analysis following ISO 21930 was performed on thebackground database and is available at request.Geographical: Primary data represents Carboline's production facility in Louisa, VA. We considered regional differences in electric grid mix usingappropriate secondary data. Country-specific data ensures high geographical representativeness, with proxy data used only when necessary.Technological (Good): Both primary and secondary data were tailored to the specific technologies studied, ensuring high technologicalrepresentativeness.Life Cycle Module DescriptionThe product stage (A1-A3) starts with raw material extraction and upstream processing, and continues through transport to the factory, manufacturing, andpackaging of the spray-applied fire-resistive material. It also includes packaging waste, pre-consumer wastes, and any relevant recycling, reuse, landfill, orenergy recovery of production wastes. The construction stage (A4-A5) starts when the packaged SFRM leaves the production site and ends with thematerial being installed at the building site. Impacts include transport to site, installation energy and water use, fuel use, and packaging waste generatedduring installation. The use stage (B1-B7) is not included in the scope of the SFRM Part B PCR. The PCR treats SFRM as a passive fire-resistive material thatgenerally requires little or no maintenance or replacement during the building life, unless damaged or removed. The end-of-life stage (C1-C4) is not includedin the scope of the SFRM Part B PCR. Benefits beyond the system boundary (Module D) are also not included in the scope of the SFRM Part B PCR.LCA DiscussionAllocation ProcedureAllocation of co-products was avoided to the extent possible by subdividing unit processes or applying system expansion/substitution, where applicable, inaccordance with ISO 14044, ISO 21930, and the Smart EPD Part A requirements. Where allocation could not be avoided, allocation was based on mass orSouthwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 7 / 12
another relevant physical relationship. Economic allocation was applied only where physical allocation was not appropriate. For shared manufacturing-siteflows, including energy use, water consumption, wastewater treatment, and emissions, impacts were allocated to the studied SFRM product based on masswhere product-specific metering or process-specific data were not available. Solid waste was estimated using packaging masses, manufacturing losses,and site waste records, and was assigned to the module in which the waste was generated. Co-products leaving the production stage were treated inaccordance with ISO 21930 and Smart EPD Part A allocation rules. Transport allocation was based on the mass of transported product. Secondary orrecovered material inputs, where relevant, were modelled according to the cut-off approach required for the SFRM PCR.Cut-off ProcedureThe system boundary was defined based on relevance to the goal of the study. For the raw material (A1) and process related inputs (A3), all availableenergy and material flow data have been included in the model. Exclusions allowed by the PCR such as secondary and tertiary packaging, wereimplemented.Renewable ElectricityEnergy Attribute Certificates (EACs) such asRenewable Energy Certificates (RECs) or PowerPurchase Agreements (PPAs) are included in thebaseline reported results:NoScenariosTransport to the building/construction site (A4)A4 ModuleFuel Type:DieselVehicle Type:Truck and TrailerTransport Distance:1000 kmCapacity Utilization:33 %Packaging Mass:1.76e-02 kgGross density of products transported:205 kg/m3Weight of products transported:1.02e+00 kgVolume of products transported:4.97e-06 m3Capacity utilization volume factor:1Assumptions for scenario development:Transport distance includes finished product to distribution center and distribution center to pointof sale.Installation in to the building/construction site (A5)A5 ModuleNet Fresh Water Consumption Specified by WaterSource and Fate:1.40e+03 m3Electricity Consumption:8.80e+00 kWhOther Energy Carriers:2.52e+02 MJMass of Packaging Waste Specified by Type:1.76e-02 kgSouthwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 8 / 12
Assumptions for scenario development:Water and Energy Installation Scenario Inputs per Declared Unit (1,000 kg) for SFRM based onPCRResultsEnvironmental Impact Assessment ResultsIPCC AR6 GWP 100, TRACI 2.2per 1 metric ton of product of SFRM.LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks.Impact CategoryUnitMethodA1 - A3A4A5GWP-totalkg CO2 eqIPCC AR6 GWP 1001.46e+21.13e-13.05e+1GWP-fossilkg CO2 eqIPCC AR6 GWP 1001.46e+21.13e-13.05e+1GWP-biogenickg CO2 eqIPCC AR6 GWP 1001.54e-22.65e-55.46e-3GWP-luluckg CO2 eqIPCC AR6 GWP 1006.70e-35.12e-54.53e-3ODPkg CFC-11 eqTRACI 2.24.21e-71.61e-97.86e-7APkg SO2 eqTRACI 2.22.47e-13.54e-41.70e-1SFPkg O3 eqTRACI 2.26.60e+07.91e-34.98e+0EP-freshwaterkg P eqTRACI 2.21.14e-28.04e-62.10e-3EP-marinekg N eqTRACI 2.25.68e-26.77e-54.19e-2Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:GWP = Global Warming Potential, 100 years (may also be denoted as GWP-total, GWP-fossil (fossil fuels), GWP-biogenic (biogenic sources), GWP-luluc (land use and land use change)), ODP = Ozone DepletionPotential, AP = Acidification Potential, EP = Eutrophication Potential, SFP = Smog Formation Potential, POCP = Photochemical oxidant creation potential, ADP-Fossil = Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources,ADP-Minerals&Metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, WDP = Water deprivation potential, PM = Particular Matter Emissions, IRP = Ionizing radiation, human health, ETP-fw = Eco-toxicity(freshwater), HTP-c = Human toxicity (cancer), HTP-nc = Human toxicity (non-cancer), SQP = Soil quality index.Comparisons cannot be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the design stage of a project, before a building has been specified.Comparisons may be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the time of product purchase when product performance andspecifications have been established and serve as a functional unit for comparison. Environmental impact results shall be converted to a functional unitbasis before any comparison is attempted. Any comparison of EPDs shall be subject to the requirements of ISO 21930 or EN 15804. EPDs are notcomparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries. EPDs are notcomparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries, are based on differentproduct category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. Such comparison can be inaccurate, and could lead to erroneous selection ofmaterials or products which are higher-impact, at least in some impact categories.Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 9 / 12
Resource Use Indicatorper 1 metric ton of product of SFRM.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5RPREMJ3.44e+12.17e-27.39e+0RPRMMJ000RPRTMJ3.44e+12.17e-27.39e+0NRPREMJ2.23e+31.60e+03.90e+2NRPRMMJ000NRPRTMJ2.23e+31.60e+03.90e+2SMkg000RSFMJ000NRSFMJ000REMJ000ADP-fossilMJ2.23e+31.60e+03.90e+2FWm38.12e+08.50e-36.08e+1Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:RPRE or PERE = Renewable primary resources used as energy carrier (fuel), RPRM or PERM = Renewable primary resources with energy content used as material, RPRT or PERT = Total use of renewable primaryresources with energy content, NRPRE or PENRE = Non-renewable primary resources used as an energy carrier (fuel), NRPRM or PENRM = Non-renewable primary resources with energy content used as material,NRPRT or PENRT = Total non-renewable primary resources with energy content, SM = Secondary materials, RSF = Renewable secondary fuels, NRSF = Non-renewable secondary fuels, RE = Recovered energy,ADPF = Abiotic depletion potential, FW = Use of net freshwater resources, VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds.Waste and Output Flow Indicatorsper 1 metric ton of product of SFRM.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5HWDkg000NHWDkg2.73e-203.52e-3HLLRWkg000ILLRWkg000CRUkg000MRkg3.36e-200MERkg2.75e-201.41e-2EEMJ7.97e-104.34e-1Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 10 / 12
HWD = Hazardous waste disposed, NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed, RWD = Radioactive waste disposed, HLRW = High-level radioactive waste, ILLRW = Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste,CRU = Components for re-use, MFR or MR = Materials for recycling, MER = Materials for energy recovery, MNER = Materials for incineration, no energy recovery, EE or EEE = Recovered energy exported from theproduct system, EET = Exported thermal energy.Carbon Emissions and Removalsper 1 metric ton of product of SFRM.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5Bio Carbon Removal from Productkg CO2000Bio Carbon Emission from Productkg CO2000Bio Carbon Removal from Packagingkg CO2000Bio Carbon Emission from Packagingkg CO2000Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)kg CO2000Calcination Carbon Removalkg CO2000Carbonation Carbon Emissionkg CO2000Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewablesource)kg CO2000Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:BCRP = Biogenic Carbon Removal from Product, BCEP = Biogenic Carbon Emission from Product, BCRK = Biogenic Carbon Removal from Packaging, BCEK = Biogenic Carbon Emission from Packaging, BCEW =Biogenic Carbon Emission from Combustion of Waste from Renewable Sources Used in Production Processes, CCE = Calcination Carbon Emissions, CCR = Carbonation Carbon Removals, CWNR = Carbon Emissionsfrom Combustion of Waste from Non-Renewable Sources used in Production Processes, GWP-luc = Carbon Emissions from Land-use Change.InterpretationRaw materials are sourced from suppliers, transported to manufacturing facilities, and processed into spray-applied fire-resistive material products. TheProduct Stage (A1–A3) is the main contributor to environmental impact, mainly due to upstream raw material production and manufacturing energy use. TheConstruction Stage includes transport to the construction site (A4) and installation (A5). A4 impacts depend on distribution distance, transport mode,product density, and load utilization. A5 impacts are driven by the water and energy inputs required for installation, with the applicable scenario selected bySFRM product type and density class. Use-stage impacts, recoating, service-life scenarios, end-of-life treatment, and Module D are not included becausethey are outside the scope of the SFRM Part B PCR. Sustainability improvements should therefore focus on lower-impact raw materials, supplierengagement, renewable electricity, manufacturing energy efficiency, transport optimization, and efficient installation practices.0%20%40%60%80%100%GWP-TotalIPCC AR6 GWP 100GWP-FossilIPCC AR6 GWP 100GWP-BiogenicIPCC AR6 GWP 100GWP-LulucIPCC AR6 GWP 100ODPTRACI 2.2APTRACI 2.2SFPTRACI 2.2Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 11 / 12
EP-FreshwaterTRACI 2.2EP-MarineTRACI 2.2Production (A1 - A3)Construction (A4 - A5)Additional Environmental InformationNoneReferencesPARQ. (2025). PARQ Core Life Cycle Assessment Model – Internal Report: Version 1.0.Smart EPD. (2025). Part A Product Category Rules for Building and Construction Products and Services, Standard 1000, Version 1.2.Smart EPD. (2025). Part B Product Category Rules for Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Materials, Standard 1000-003, Version 4.0.International Organization for Standardization. (2017). ISO 21930:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works – Core rules for environmentalproduct declarations of construction products and services.International Organization for Standardization. (2006). ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations –Principles and procedures.International Organization for Standardization. (2006). ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework.International Organization for Standardization. (2006). ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines.American Center for Life Cycle Assessment. (2019). Guidance to Calculating Non-LCIA Inventory Metrics in Accordance with ISO 21930:2017.Southwest Type 5MD-HRCarbolinePage 12 / 12
